Define "federalism" as it relates to the Judicial Branch.

Federalism refers to the system of governance in which power is divided between a central authority, such as the national government, and smaller political units, like state governments. In the context of the Judicial Branch, federalism is significant because it determines the jurisdiction and responsibilities of courts at both the federal and state levels.

The correct understanding of federalism highlights that different levels of government have distinct legal authorities and can create their own laws and regulations. This division impacts how cases are adjudicated—federal courts handle matters involving federal laws or constitutional issues, while state courts deal with state laws and local matters. This separation ensures that laws are applied appropriately, depending on the nature of the case, and allows for a check on power by creating multiple layers of judicial authority.

Understanding this concept is crucial, as it shapes how justice is interpreted and administered across various jurisdictions, affecting the legal landscape significantly. The role of federalism underlines the importance of recognizing which court system has the authority to hear specific cases and avoid conflicts between state and federal laws.