What document outlines the structure of the Judicial Branch?

The U.S. Constitution is the foundational document that outlines the structure and powers of the Judicial Branch of the United States government. Article III of the Constitution specifically establishes the judicial system, including the creation of the Supreme Court and the authority to establish lower courts. It delineates the powers of the judiciary, including the jurisdiction of courts and the role of judges. This structure is essential for maintaining the rule of law and providing a framework for legal proceedings and the interpretation of laws.

In contrast, while the Bill of Rights encompasses the first ten amendments to the Constitution that guarantee individual freedoms and rights, it does not detail the structure of the Judicial Branch. The Declaration of Independence serves to declare the colonies' separation from Britain and does not contain provisions about government structure or functions. The Federalist Papers, while containing arguments in support of the Constitution and discussing government principles, are not the governing document themselves and do not outline the judicial structure.