What does the term "judicial activism" refer to?

Judicial activism refers to the practice in which judges make decisions that are influenced by their personal beliefs, philosophies, or political considerations, rather than strictly adhering to the text of the law or established precedents. This approach often involves taking an active role in shaping public policy through judicial rulings, particularly in cases where the law may be vague or open to interpretation.

Judges who are seen as activist may be more likely to interpret laws in a way that reflects contemporary values or address perceived injustices, which can lead to significant shifts in legal precedents. This concept is often contrasted with judicial restraint, where judges prioritize a more literal interpretation of laws and defer to the legislative process for changes in public policy.

Understanding judicial activism is crucial because it highlights the dynamic nature of the judicial branch and its role in responding to societal changes and challenges.