What is the legal principle that requires courts to respect established precedents?

The correct answer is the legal principle known as stare decisis, which is fundamental to the functioning of the judiciary. Stare decisis, a Latin term meaning "to stand by things decided," mandates that courts should follow precedents established in previous cases when making their rulings. This principle ensures consistency and predictability in the law, allowing individuals and entities to have a clear understanding of legal outcomes based on historical decisions.

By adhering to established precedents, courts contribute to the stability of the legal system, ensuring that like cases are treated alike. This fosters public confidence in the judicial system, as parties can rely on the outcomes of past cases to inform their expectations and decision-making in current disputes.

In contrast, judicial activism refers to a more dynamic approach where judges may interpret the law in a way that goes against established precedent, often to advance certain policies or social outcomes. Judicial restraint is the practice of judges limiting their own power to intervene and typically adhering more strictly to precedent. Amicus curiae refers to "friend of the court" briefs, which provide additional information or arguments for the court's consideration but do not dictate judicial decisions. Each of these concepts plays a role in judicial decision-making, but none embody the principle of respecting established precedents more