What is the relationship between the national and state court systems?

The correct answer highlights the principle of federal supremacy within the judicial system. This principle is established in the U.S. Constitution, specifically in the Supremacy Clause, which indicates that federal law and federal court decisions take precedence over state laws and decisions made by state courts.

When federal courts interpret federal law, their rulings can set a standard that state courts must follow. If there is a conflict between a state court's ruling and a federal court's ruling regarding federal law, the federal court has the authority to overrule the state court. This ensures that the interpretation of federal law is consistent across all states, promoting a uniform application of federal legislation.

The other options present misunderstandings regarding the interaction between national and state courts. They do not depict the hierarchical relationship where federal courts hold supremacy over state courts in matters involving federal law. Understanding this dynamic is crucial for comprehending how legal disputes can be resolved differently depending on whether they are addressed in state or federal courts.