What landmark event in 1789 significantly shaped the federal judiciary?

The creation of the federal court system in 1789 was a pivotal moment in U.S. history that laid the foundation for the judiciary's structure and function. The Judiciary Act of 1789 established a comprehensive federal court system that included the Supreme Court, district courts, and circuit courts. This act not only set the number of justices and organized the lower courts but also defined the jurisdiction of the federal judiciary.

The establishment of the Supreme Court, while significant, was part of the broader creation of the federal court system. It was important for defining the highest court's role, but without the overall court system's formation, the Supreme Court would not have the framework to operate within.

Judicial review, which later became an essential function of the judiciary, was not established until the landmark case of Marbury v. Madison in 1803, well after the events of 1789. Therefore, it was not a defining event for the judiciary in that year.

The adoption of the Bill of Rights, while also crucial in protecting individual liberties, pertained more to constitutional amendments rather than directly shaping the judicial structure itself.

Overall, the establishment of the federal court system created the necessary legal infrastructure for the judiciary to interpret laws and serve justice