Which article of the U.S. Constitution establishes the Judicial Branch?

The Judicial Branch of the United States government is established by Article III of the U.S. Constitution. This article outlines the structure and powers of the federal judiciary, including the Supreme Court and lower courts that Congress may establish. It defines the jurisdiction of the courts and provides for the appointment and tenure of judges. By focusing on the Judicial Branch in this way, Article III ensures that judicial power is separate from the legislative and executive branches, which are detailed in Articles I and II, respectively. The provisions in Article III are foundational for the role of courts in interpreting laws and administering justice, reflecting the principle of checks and balances that is central to the U.S. governmental system.